### Approach To effectively address the question of which company is likely to have a higher Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) between one with a $100 million market cap and one with a $100 billion market cap, it’s important to follow a structured framework. Here’s how to break it down: 1. **Understanding WACC**: Clarify what WACC is and why it matters. 2. **Market Capitalization Implications**: Discuss how market cap relates to risk and cost of capital. 3. **Factors Influencing WACC**: Identify key factors such as equity cost, debt cost, and risk premium. 4. **Comparative Analysis**: Compare the two companies based on the identified factors. ### Key Points - **Definition of WACC**: WACC is the average rate that a company is expected to pay to finance its assets, weighted by the proportion of equity and debt. - **Market Capitalization**: A larger market cap often signifies lower risk, generally leading to a lower cost of equity. - **Risk Factors**: Smaller companies tend to face higher risks, which can increase both their equity and debt costs, resulting in a higher WACC. - **Investor Expectations**: Investors expect higher returns from smaller companies due to perceived risks, which can increase the cost of equity for these firms. ### Standard Response When comparing a company with a **$100 million market cap** to one with a **$100 billion market cap**, the latter is likely to have a **lower WACC**. **Here's why:** 1. **Market Capitalization Impact**: - **Risk Assessment**: Smaller companies (like the one with a $100 million market cap) are often viewed as riskier investments. This increased perceived risk translates into a higher expected return for investors, which raises the cost of equity. - **Cost of Debt**: Smaller firms may also face higher borrowing costs due to their limited access to capital markets and a lack of established creditworthiness. 2. **Cost of Capital Components**: - **Cost of Equity**: The larger company benefits from a lower cost of equity due to its stability and established market presence. - **Debt Financing**: Larger firms usually have better credit ratings, allowing them to secure loans at lower interest rates compared to their smaller counterparts. 3. **Investor Behavior**: - Investors typically require a higher return for investing in smaller, riskier companies, which increases their WACC. Conversely, larger companies are often seen as safer bets, attracting investors willing to accept lower returns. **Conclusion**: Overall, the company with the $100 billion market cap is likely to have a **lower WACC** due to its lower risk profile, better access to capital, and established credibility in the market. ### Tips & Variations #### Common Mistakes to Avoid - **Overgeneralization**: Avoid assuming that all large-cap companies have the same WACC; industry differences can play a significant role. - **Neglecting Context**: Ensure your answer considers the specific industries and market conditions affecting both companies. #### Alternative Ways to Answer - **Focusing on Industry Context**: If the smaller company is in a high-growth industry with substantial investor interest, it might have a slightly lower WACC than expected. - **Considering Economic Conditions**: Discuss how macroeconomic factors might influence WACC for both companies. #### Role-Specific Variations - **For Financial Analysts**: Emphasize quantitative metrics and detailed calculations of WACC. - **For Business Development Roles**: Highlight how understanding WACC can inform strategic partnerships and investment decisions. - **For Startups**: Discuss implications for fundraising and investor relations in relation to WACC. ### Follow-Up Questions - **How do changes in interest rates affect WACC for both companies?** - **Can you explain how different capital structures influence WACC?** - **What strategies can a small company use to lower its WACC?** In crafting responses to similar interview questions, remember to thoroughly understand the concepts involved and tailor your answers to reflect your knowledge while engaging your audience. This structured approach not only clarifies your reasoning but also showcases your analytical skills, making you a compelling candidate in the eyes of potential employers